[Clinical effects of free descending branch tissue flap of lateral circumflex femoral artery in repairing Wagner grade 3 or 4 diabetic foot wounds].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of free descending branch tissue flap of lateral circumflex femoral artery in repairing Wagner grade 3 or 4 diabetic foot wounds. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From October 2019 to January 2022, 12 patients (10 males and 2 females, aged 38-66 years, with an average of 52 years) with diabetic foot wounds who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Yulin, of whom 5 cases being Wagner grade 3 and 7 cases being Wagner grade 4. Wound debridement and vacuum sealing drainage were performed to control infection, and the wound area after debridement was between 13 cm×6 cm and 28 cm×11 cm. The wounds were repaired with free descending branch tissue flaps of lateral circumflex femoral artery. Among them, the wounds of 4 cases were repaired with single flap of musculocutaneous branch or intermuscular branch of descending branch tissue flap of lateral circumflex femoral artery, 1 case with lobulated flap, 1 case with bilateral tandem flap, and 6 cases with chimeric lateral femoral muscle flap. The area of resected tissue flap was 9 cm×7 cm to 21 cm×10 cm; end-to-end anastomosis was selected between vessels in the donor sites and the recipient sites, and pressurized treatment should be performed if necessary. The donor site wounds of 10 patients were treated with cosmetic tension-relieving suture, and the donor site wounds of 2 patients were repaired with split-thickness skin graft from head. After operation, the condition of wound repair was recorded. After wound healing, the level of 2-hour postprandial blood glucose of patients was measured. During follow-up, the wound healing of the recipient site and scar formation of the donor site were observed. Before and 6 months after operation, computer tomography angiography was used to detect and compare the blood perfusion of the affected limb. At the last follow-up, the walking ability of the patients was recorded. Results: The wounds of 9 patients healed well after operation; the flaps in the recipient site of 2 patients were infected on postoperative day 5 after surgery and were repaired by suturing in stage Ⅱ after open drainage and inflammation control; the distal end of the grafted tandem flap in 1 patient gradually developed purple necrosis on postoperative day 4 and was repaired with a skin graft after debridement. After wound healing, the 2-hour postprandial blood glucose value of all patients was controlled in the range of 8-12 mmol/L. During Follow-up of 6 months to 1 year, 3 patients had partial ulceration in the plantar compression area, which healed after decompression combined with dressing change or flap repair, while the other 9 patients had no ulceration in the recipient area; the appearance of the affected foot was plump after wound healing, the transplanted flaps had good blood supply and good fit with the surrounding tissue, and were wear-resistant, but insensitive. During follow-up, only linear scar remained in the donor area of direct suture in 10 cases, and the skin grafts in the donor area were completely survived in 2 cases. Compared with the patency of the main blood vessels of the ankle joint segment of the affected limb before operation, the vascular network of the flap transplantation area in the affected foot was formed 6 months after operation. At the last follow-up, 8 patients could walk independently, and 4 patients could walk with crutches. Conclusions: The free descending branch tissue flap of lateral circumflex femoral artery is effective in repairing Wagner grade 3 or 4 diabetic foot wounds, which can shorten the course of disease and improve local blood flow.

Sublingual immunotherapy of house dust mite respiratory allergy in China

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been widely used for the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases, but many problems remain unsolved. Currently available data suggest that SLIT is very effective in children and adults with IgE-mediated respiratory diseases. Most allergists in China generally believe that SLIT is suitable for allergic rhinitis and asthma due to its safety and tolerability. SLIT for three years is suitable for patients to acquire stable therapeutic effects, and the efficacy of single-allergen SLIT for polysensitized patients has also been confirmed. Nevertheless, there are still several factors restricting its application in China, such as the uncertainty of its long-term effects and the prevention of new sensitizations onset, the risk of asthma attacks, the low public awareness of SLIT and poor compliance by patients. This is a narrative review of current evidence on SLIT coming from China

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Sublingual immunotherapy of house dust mite respiratory allergy in China.

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been widely used for the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases, but many problems remain unsolved. Currently available data suggest that SLIT is very effective in children and adults with IgE-mediated respiratory diseases. Most allergists in China generally believe that SLIT is suitable for allergic rhinitis and asthma due to its safety and tolerability. SLIT for three years is suitable for patients to acquire stable therapeutic effects, and the efficacy of single-allergen SLIT for polysensitized patients has also been confirmed. Nevertheless, there are still several factors restricting its application in China, such as the uncertainty of its long-term effects and the prevention of new sensitizations onset, the risk of asthma attacks, the low public awareness of SLIT and poor compliance by patients. This is a narrative review of current evidence on SLIT coming from China.

5-Azacytidine suppresses the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

5-Azacytidine has been shown to be an effective anti-pancreatic cancer drug, but the mechanism remains unknown. In the current study, we explored the effect of 5-azacytidine on abnormal activation of the Wnt-ß-catenin signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. The human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3 was treated with different concentrations of 5-azacytidine for various times. The proliferation and early apoptosis of the cells were evaluated using the CCK8 method and flow cytometry, respectively. mRNA and protein expression of ß-catenin, c-myc, and cyclinD1 were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. The proliferation of Bxpc-3 cells was suppressed by 5-azacytidine. The early apoptosis of the cells was significantly enhanced over time and with increasing drug concentrations. The expression of ß-catenin, c-myc, and cyclinD1 were down-regulated, showing significant differences between different concentrations and treatment times (P < 0.05). 5-Azacytidine suppressed the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, particularly the expression of ß-catenin, c-myc, and cyclinD1. This study may provide a new potential strategy for diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.

Quantitative trait loci for Fusarium head blight resistance in a recombinant inbred population of Wangshuibai/Wheaton.

Use of diverse sources of Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant germplasm in breeding may significantly improve wheat resistance to FHB. Wangshuibai is an FHB-resistant Chinese landrace unrelated to cv. Sumai 3, the most commonly used FHB-resistant source. In all, 139 F(6) recombinant inbred lines were developed from a cross between Wangshuibai and an FHB-susceptible cultivar, Wheaton, to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for wheat resistance to initial infection (type I resistance), spread of FHB symptoms within a spike (type II resistance), and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation (type III resistance) in infected grain. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at Manhattan, KS from 2003 to 2005. More than 1,300 simple-sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were analyzed in this population. Five QTL for type I resistance were detected on chromosomes 3AS, 3BS, 4B, 5AS, and 5DL after spray inoculation; seven QTL for type II resistance were identified on chromosomes 1A, 3BS, 3DL, 5AS, 5DL, and 7AL after point inoculation; and seven QTL for type III resistance were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1BL, 3BS, 5AS, 5DL, and 7AL with the data from both inoculation methods. These QTL jointly explained up to 31.7, 64, and 52.8% of the phenotypic variation for the three types of FHB resistance, respectively. The narrow-sense heritabilities were low for type I resistance (0.37 to 0.41) but moderately high for type II resistance (0.45 to 0.61) and type III resistance (0.44 to 0.67). The QTL on the distal end of 3BS, 5AS, and 5DL contributed to all three types of resistance. Two QTL, on 7AL and 1A, as well as one QTL near the centromere of 3BS (3BSc), showed effects on both type II and type III resistance. Selection for type II resistance may simultaneously improve type I and type III resistance as well. The QTL for FHB resistance identified in Wangshuibai have potential to be used to pyramid FHB-resistance QTL from different sources.

Quantitative trait loci for yield and related traits in the wheat population Ning7840 x Clark.

Grain yield and associated agronomic traits are important factors in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improvement. Knowledge regarding the number, genomic location, and effect of quantitative trait loci (QTL) would facilitate marker-assisted selection and the development of cultivars with desirable characteristics. Our objectives were to identify QTLs directly and indirectly affecting grain yield expression. A population of 132 F12 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between the Chinese facultative wheat Ning7840 and the US soft red winter wheat Clark. Phenotypic data were collected for 15 yield and other agronomic traits in the RILs and parental lines from three locations in Oklahoma from 2001 to 2003. Twenty-nine linkage groups, consisting of 363 AFLP and 47 SSR markers, were identified. Using composite interval mapping (CIM) analysis, 10, 16, 30, and 14 QTLs were detected for yield, yield components, plant adaptation (shattering and lodging resistance, heading date, and plant height), and spike morphology traits, respectively. The QTL effects ranged from 7 to 23%. Marker alleles from Clark were associated with a positive effect for the majority of QTLs for yield and yield components, but gene dispersion was the rule rather than the exception for this RIL population. Often, QTLs were detected in proximal positions for different traits. Consistent, co-localized QTLs were identified in linkage groups 1AL, 1B, 4B, 5A, 6A, and 7A, and less consistent but unique QTLs were identified on 2BL, 2BS, 2DL, and 6B. Results of this study provide a benchmark for future efforts on QTL identification for yield traits.

Effect of individual Sumai 3 chromosomes on resistance to scab spread within spikes and deoxynivalenol accumulation within kernels in wheat.

Two sets of substitution lines were developed by crossing individual monosomic lines of Chinese Spring (recipient) with scab (Fusarium graminearum) resistant cultivar Sumai 3 (donor) and then using the monosomics as the recurrent male parent for four backcrosses (without selfing after each backcross). The disomic substitution lines were separated from selfed BC4F2 plants. Chromosome specific SSR markers were analyzed for polymorphism between Sumai 3 and Chinese Spring. Polymorphic markers were used to identify substitution lines for specific chromosomes. Based on the specific SSR markers, chromosome substitutions occurred in thirty-six lines, and six lines segregated alleles from the two parents or were homozygous for the allele from Chinese Spring. These substitution lines were used to evaluate Type II (spread within the head) and Type V (deoxynivalenol accumulation within kernels) scab resistance. The objective was to use the substitution lines to evaluate the effect of individual chromosomes of Sumai 3 on Type 11 and Type V scab resistance in the greenhouse. Significant differences in Type II scab resistance and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels among different Chinese Spring (Sumai 3) substitution lines were detected. Positive chromosome substitution effects on Type II scab resistance were found on chromosomes 2B, 3B. 6B, and 7A from Sumai 3. Chromosomes 3B and 7A also reduced DON accumulation within the kernels, while chromosomes IB, 2D, and 4D from Sumai 3 increased DON concentration. Chromosome 7A from Sumai 3 had the largest effect on resistance to scab spread and DON accumulation. Additional research is in progress on the scab resistance conferred by chromosome 7A.

[Clinical and experimental studies of supplemented sini san in treating chronic brucellosis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of supplemented Sini San (SSNS) in treating chronic Brucellosis (CB). METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were randomly divided into two groups, 76 cases in the treatment group were treated with SSNS and 51 cases in the control group treated with Dioscorea Nipponica Power. The effect of SSNS on mice model of CB was also observed simultaneously. RESULTS: The short-term effects were that the total effective rate and markedly effective rate of the treatment were 98.7% and 92.1%, which were better than those of the control group (82.4% and 41.2%) respectively, P < 0.01. The long-term follow-up result of the treatment group also showed its superiority to the control group, the total effective rates of the two groups were 98.7% and 51.0%, and the markedly effective rates were 90.8% and 21.6% respectively (P < 0.01). Animal experiments indicated SSNS has obvious effect of antibiotics and immunomodulation. CONCLUSION: SSNS was effective in treating CB, including the long-term follow-up result.

Synthesis and antiprotozoal activities of some new triazine derivatives including a new antitrypanosomal agent: SIPI-1029.

Two series of compounds, 1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4, 6-diamino-1-(omega-haloalkyloxy)-s-triazines and O, O'-bis (4, 6-diamino-1, 2-dihydro-2, 2-disubstituted-s-triazin-l-yl) alkanediols were synthesized and tested against Plasmodium berghei and Trypanosoma evansi in mice. Most title compounds showed good antimalarial activity and compounds IIc-e showed good antitrypanosomal effect. After further studies on pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and efficacy on infected cattles compound IIe (SIPI-1029, T-46) was shown to be a new highly active antitrypanosomal agent with low toxicity and long half life in plasma.

A study on identification of the blunt lethal objects of wood, iron, brick and stone in homicide by SEM and EDAX (energy dispersive analysis x-ray).

The qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of residues on wound in homicide cases were done by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis X-ray system (EDAX) in this paper. It provides a new method of examination for identifying lethal objects in homicidal cases. Our experiment provides some advantages in these examinations, such as saving time, objective conclusion and exact results in practical cases.

[Synthesis and antimalarial as well as antitumor activities of 2,4-diamino-6-(N-methyl-substituted benzylamino) quinazolines].

Sixteen 2,4-diamino-6-(N-methyl-substituted benzylamino) quinazolines (I) were synthesized by two different methods. 2-Nitro-5-chloro-benzonitrile was treated with the appropriate N-methyl-substituted benzylamines and I was formed after reduction and cyclization. Another method was reductive methylation, i.e., 2,4-diamino-6-substituted benzylaminoquinazolines reacted with formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride at pH 6.3. Suppressive therapeutic tests in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei showed that four (I6,7,10,16) out of these compounds suppressed all the parasites when administered orally at the dose of 5 mg/kg and produced more than 99% suppression at 2.5 mg/kg. Eight compounds (I1,2,4,5,8-10,15) were found to have antitumor effects against Leukemia cells in culture comparable with or superior to those of the positive control methotrexate.

[Synthesis and antimalarial as well as antitumor activities of 1-methyl-2,4-diamino-6-(N-methyl-substituted benzylamion) quinazolinium iodides].

Fourteen 1-methyl-2,4-diamino-6-(N-methyl-substituted benzylamino) quinazolinium iodides (II) were synthesized by treatment of 2,4-diamino-6-substituted benzylaminoquinazolines with methyl iodide. Three compounds (II4,7,10) were shown to produce 100% suppression on Plasmodium berghei in mice at oral dose of 20 mg/kg and II4 was found to inhibit twice as much as methotrexate on L1210 Leukemia cells in culture.